I put this material together for the fun of it. Anyone is free to use it in any manner they wish. No guarantees are made.
"If I had an hour to solve a problem, I'd spend 55 minutes thinking about the problem and five minutes thinking about solutions."
(Albert Einstein)
What you need to know about programming is "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs". You structure data so it can be efficiently manipulated by code (algorithms). You create code (algorithms) so it can efficiently manipulate data. They are related and should be balanced. One is not more important than the other.
Note: "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs" is the title of a 1976 book written by Niklaus Wirth. This is where the quote comes from.
Another way to look at it is, every program, every chunk of code, is input → process → output. It is not mysterious.